Sunday, December 29, 2019

Police Enforcement And The Civil Authority Of The Government

It is important to examine the history of policing in the United States in order to understand how it has progressed and changed over time. Alterations to the purpose, duties, and structure of American police agencies have allowed this profession to evolve from ineffective watch groups to police agencies that incorporate advanced technology and problem-solving strategies into their daily operations Police officers represents the civil authority of the government. Police typically are responsible for maintaining public order and safety, enforcing the law, and preventing, detecting, and investigating criminal activities. The development of policing in the United States closely followed the development of policing in England. In the early†¦show more content†¦During the political era of policing, the function of law enforcement was to provide a wide range of social service to the community. It was both informal and communal, which is referred to as the Watch, or private-for-pr ofit policing, which is called The Big Stick† (Spitzer, 1979). The watch system was composed of community volunteers whose primary duty was to warn of impending danger. Boston created a night watch in 1636, New York in 1658 and Philadelphia in 1700. The night watch was not a particularly effective crime control device. Watchmen often slept or drank on duty. While the watch was theoretically voluntary, many volunteers were simply attempting to evade military service, were conscript forced into service by their town, or were performing watch duties as a form of punishment. Philadelphia created the first day watch in 1833 and New York instituted a day watch in 1844 as a supplement to its new municipal police force (Gaines, Kappeler, and Vaughn 1999). These informal modalities of policing continued well after the American Revolution. It was not until the 1830s that the idea of a centralized municipal police department first emerged in the United States. In 1838, the city of Boston established the first American police force. By the 1880s all major U.S. cities had municipal police forces in place. In the Southern states the development of American policing followed a different path. The genesis of the modern police organization in the South is the SlaveShow MoreRelatedThe Development of Independent Professional Police Forces and Civil Services940 Words   |  4 Pagesof the criminal justice system: The development of independent professional police forces and civil services The rise of formal police organizations, in contrast to kin-based retribution, was one of the most significant developments of modern civilization. The Romans were the first civilization to have a permanent policing force that was made up of neither mercenaries nor soldiers. The most elite members of the police force were the Praetorian Guard that was specifically entrusted with protectingRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Brown And Eric Garner Cases991 Words   |  4 PagesGarner cases are examples of federalism-civil rights debate and government-sanctioned discriminatory treatment Federalism is a concept of a system of self-sustained units of governments and was considered to be the main idea of the U.S. Constitution. Vincent Ostrom’s The meaning of American federalism gives the definition of federalism as â€Å"a system of government where authority is exercised concurrently by a national government and state or provincial governments†. According to the standpoint ofRead MoreThe Development Of A Police Officer1373 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment of a Police Officer The development of America’s police officers consists of many elements. These elements are what influence police behavior and action. Throughout time, the concept of policing has been redefined to fit the needs of the time. Originally, the police were a symbol of power and control and used to eliminate enemies of kings and pharaohs. As time move forward, the concept of policing changed the nature of soldiers into policemen. In today’s times, police officers are consideredRead MoreImmigration Enforcement957 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration Enforcement Immigration Enforcement There is an assessed 11 million illegal aliens that are living United States, and this population is projected to upturn by 500,000 yearly. Once a year, about 1 million people that are considered to be aliens are detained when they make the attempt to come in the United States unlawfully. Even though most of these foreigners arrive the United States for financial chances and family reunification, or they are avoiding civil trouble and political unrestRead MoreAs a former Dutch colony, Indonesia has adopted a criminal justice system within the civil law700 Words   |  3 PagesAs a former Dutch colony, Indonesia has adopted a criminal justice system within the civil law tradition. During the colonial period, The Dutch government established dual criminal justice system. First was The Reglement op de Strafvordering which closely same as the Dutch Criminal Procedure for Europeans, Chinese and other foreign oriental. This code was much stricter, and therefore better protected under the law. Other code was the Inlandsch Reglement for Indonesians which under the much looserRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1232 Words   |  5 Pagesinstitutions and practices of government foreseen to protect society from criminal behavior. The criminal justice system is an important component in the world as the system provides a basis of social control, deterrence, and retribution of crimes committed. Many countries throughout the world may differ in regards to the structure; however, the morality of the system is for the people. Ultimately, the structure is underlined by the importance among law enforcement, courts, and correctional facilitiesRead More The Changing Nature of Crime and Law Enforcement Essay795 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Law enforcement agencies nationwide must constantly adapt to the changing nature of crime and the ways criminals must be prosecuted. New dangers like terrorism, as well as old ones, such as public corruption, threaten the p ublic and force police agencies to acclimate themselves to this new environment. President Clinton explained the need for the development of the federal and local law enforcement agencies. â€Å"We have begun to find a way to reduce crime, forming communityRead MoreThe Changing Nature of Crime and Law Enforcement824 Words   |  4 PagesLaw enforcement agencies nationwide must constantly adapt to the changing nature of crime and the ways criminals must be prosecuted. New dangers like terrorism, as well as old ones, such as public corruption, threaten the public and force police agencies to acclimate themselves to this new environment. President Clinton explained the need for the development of the federal and local law enforcement agencies. We have begun to find a way to reduce crime, forming community partnerships with localRead MoreFederal Republic of Brazil1653 Words   |  7 PagesCatholics than any other country in the world.† (Brazil, 2004) The government of Brazil is a Federal Republic. In this system the President is both the head of state and the head of government, as well as the head of a multi-party system. The political and administrative organizations of Brazil include federal and state governments, federal districts and the municipalities. The federal government controls the central government and is divided in three branches. Like America it is divided into theRead MoreRacial Profiling by Police Must Stop Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pages The great era of civil rights started in the 1960s, with Martin Luther King, Jr.s stirring I have a Dream speech at the historic march on Washington in August of 1963. At the same time Birmingham Police Commissioner Bull Connor used powerful fire hoses and vicious police attack dogs against nonviolent black civil rights activists. Although these years proved to be the highlight and downfall of civil rights in America, even with the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act being

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Tourism Is A Key Pillar Of New Zealand s Economy

Tourism is a key pillar of New Zealand’s economy. The tourism industry in New Zealand contributes to nearly 3.7% of the country’s gross domestic product. Though a key pillar of the economy, it is also raised a lot of problem in its environment. Tourism is gradually damaging the environment of New Zealand and it has raised an alarm for the country to consider its pillar sector. New Zealand has magnificent sceneries such as the Mt. Victoria, the Fiordland National Park, The Southern Lakes and the Expansive national museum. This essay endeavors to ascertain that tourism in New Zealand is causing environmental issues in the country. Discussion Tourism has adversely affected the environment of New Zealand in the following ways: its biggest impact is on the loss of quality land. Some of New Zealand’s unhampered natural environments are experiencing human interference in their natural setting. Some environments such as in the Fiordland National Park the tall tussock grassland is slowly degrading. Only a small percentage of 10% of this grassland that existed is present. This grassland has slowly been degraded since 1984. Through the reduction in grassland covered areas in New Zealand leads to a lot of soil erosion. Soil erosion leads to the loss of rich nutrients that help improve the environment. Soil erosion leads to desertification in the land. Reduced soil fertility has a direct impact on the produce of the environment and farming. Deteriorated soil further leads to theShow MoreRelatedThe Association Of Southeast Asian Nation1481 Words   |  6 Pagescapitals. Moreover, it intends to form a region of equitable econ omic development integrated into the global economy (The ASEAN Secretariat, 200) Creating a single market with about 600 million people is an enormous step for ASEAN (The ASEAN Secretariat, 2015). Nine years after AEC was declared, the organization has achieved a lot if the Four Pillars shall be considered as the assessing factors. Pillar 1: Single Market and Production Base. With continuous effort to achieve a single market and productionRead MoreTaxonomy Is Business And Technology Assessment Essay2725 Words   |  11 Pagesorganizational structure, technical portfolio, discussion and end with conclusion. 3. EIT: An Organization The Eastern Institute of Technology is a public Tertiary Education Institution (also referred as EIT Hawke s Bay, EIT TairÄ whiti or simply EIT) in New Zealand with two campus in the regions of Hawke s Bay and Gisborne. EIT provides the main regional higher education in the above mentioned regions. The main campus of the Eastern Institute of Technology is located on a spacious and green 28-hectare (69Read MoreTourist Spots in the Philippines3414 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Tourism is all about the travel for pleasure that creates business because tourists need transportation, accommodation, food, entertainment, etc. that businessmen can provide. The tourism industry contributes in the economy of one country. Tourism industry gives them a large amount of dollar. There must be hotel accommodations that the travelers need and by this, there are lots of tourists attracted to those places because of their good accommodation. The tourism industry Read MoreThe Association Of Asean Essay2733 Words   |  11 Pagesaccess the status as 11th member of this organization during the recent summit in Jakarta in March 2011 and Papua New Guinea has a special observer status. With its ASEAN declaration, it was formed to create peace and cooperation among its member countries and the ASEAN Charter establishment on 15 December 2008 it was able to further create a legal identity. Generally, there are three pillars of ASEAN organization namely the Political-Security Community, Economic Community and Socio-cultural communityRead MoreA Study On Anti Poverty Charity Oxfam2014 Words   |  9 Pagescharity Oxfam, the wealthiest 1% will own more than the rest of the world’s population by 2016. Globalisation has been one of the main drivers of global inequality. When the Soviet Union fell apart and China started to grow, the global economy received over a billion of new workers. This has brought outsourcing to its peak and the value for unskilled labour has decreased. This has created the complete opposite effect for skilled workers where wages have gone up. Over the years this has created a hugeRead MoreDoing Business in the Asia/Pacific Rim Region31325 Words   |  126 Pages123 Pitt Street, GPO Box 119 Sydney, New South Wales DX 233 Australia +(61-2) 9390-8000 PHONE +(61-2) 9390-8390 FAX www.holmanwebb.com.au Contact Attorney: D’Arcy Kelly dak@holmanwebb.com.au CHINA (SHANGHAI) Lily Fenn Partners Martin Hun Partners 19/F, Yongda International Tower 2277 Longyang Road Shanghai 201204, P. R. China +86 21 5010-1666 PHONE +86 21 5010-1222 FAX www.mhplawyer.com Contact Attorney: Martin Hu martin.hu@mhplawyer.com NEW ZEALAND Room D, 32/F. Lippo Centre, TowerRead MoreGlobalization of South Africa8279 Words   |  34 PagesGOING BEYOND THE HORIZON - GLOBALIZATION OF SOUTH AFRICA – ABSTRACT This paper examines the advantage, disadvantage, trade and FDI in SA from globalization perspective. South Africa(SA) is the one of the post BRICs country and it has largest economy market in Africa. Following the democratic elections of 1994, SA corporations moved with alacrity into the rest of Africa and beyond. Mining houses led the way, followed by manufacturers and financial institutions. Multinational companies also haveRead MoreEmirates Airlines5871 Words   |  24 Pagescontinues to sustain and gain competitive advantages forwards, considering that strategic management take full advantages of their core competences, economies of scale. There is continuous growth in company’s operational and financial performance. (Appendix, Table-1)) Due to the geographical location this company is getting some special advantages. Threat of new entrants may decrease the profitability of emirates airlines. Fuel cost holds big portion (45% in 2012) of the total cost of emirates. Finall yRead MorePublic Relations in Travel and Tourism: Qantas Airways Case Study5155 Words   |  21 PagesQantas Group is very clear and the PR portfolio is very broad. The core PR goals of the group are as follows: By keeping a strong focus on the customers the strong domestic businesses of the Group are constructed and sustained. By targeting the four pillars of the global gateways the Qantas International should be turned around. PR efforts should be made to improve the experience of the customers, the Airways Group should grow along with the growth of Asia and financial management should be carried outRead MoreEu, Nafta, Asean12786 Words   |  52 Pagesthe Council | Herman Van Rompuy(EPP) |   -   | President of the Commission | Josà © Manuel Barroso(EPP) |   -   | Speaker of the Parliament | Martin Schulz  (Samp;D) |   -   | Presidency of the Council of the Union | Demetris Christofias(Cyprus) |   -   | High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy | Catherine Ashton  (Samp;D) | Legislature | Legislature of the EU |   -   | Upper house | Council of the EU |   -   | Lower house | European Parliament | Establishment |

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Public Policy free essay sample

Provide a one paragraph definition of public policy. After researching the term public policy it was difficult to come up with one single definition. Cocharm et al, 1999 define public policy always refer to actions of Government and the intentions that determines their actions. Dye 2000 states that public policy is the outcome of the struggle in Government over who gets what, whatever government chose to do or not to do. Cochorn suggests that public policy consists of political decisions for implementing programs to achieve societal goals. Stated most simple, Peters 2003, defines public policy as the sum of government activities weather acting directly or through agents, as it has a influence on the life of citizens. Upon reaching a good definition of public policy seems to be very difficult. Birkland 2005 concludes that, all the aspects of the definition suggest that public policy affects a greater variety of people 2. Provide an example of both positive and normative statements (not the ones provided in your text book! ) A. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Policy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Positive statements are statements that can be tested or rejected by referring to the available evidence. Example: A reduction in the use of plastic bag will help reduce the risks associated to global warming. B. Normative statements express an opinion about what ought to be. They are subjective rather than objective statements. They carry value Judgments. Example: The new HST on fast food is unfair and unfairly penalizes the poorer class of consumers. C. 3. List what you think are the top three policy issues for government today. Indicate why you think they are important. The top three policy issues for government today are A. Health care- Most recently, health care is one of the most popular issues amongst heads of government. Mental health care and the cost associated with treatment are affecting the poorer class of Canadians. It is the governments duty to provide health care at an affordable cost to ensure citizens wellbeing. It is a policy issue because the government is struggling to meet the demand for health care. On September 13, 2010, Vieira from the Financial Post wrote an article, stating that there has been a growth in public health spending and had advanced at an annual rate of over 8% over the last decade. However, the governments income is set to grow at an annual average of less than 4%. In order to meet the fiscal challenges the government must reduce public health spending significantly, otherwise other public spending is squeezed and/or taxes will rise. The is an important policy issue for